Ethical Hacking
Top 10 OWASP Web Vulnerabilities Explained with Real Exploitation Examples
Aakash Verma
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17 August 2026
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1897 Views
Understanding the Critical Flaws Threatening Modern Web Applications
Web applications represent the front door to enterprise data. Penetration testers and security auditors must understand how attackers discover and exploit the OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities.
1. Broken Access Control (A01:2021)
Occurs when users can act outside of their intended permissions. Common manifestations include Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR), viewing sensitive data of other tenants, or accessing admin endpoints without authorization.
2. Cryptographic Failures (A02:2021)
Exposure of sensitive data in transit or at rest due to weak algorithms (MD5, SHA1) or missing TLS enforcement.
3. Injection Flaws (A03:2021)
SQL Injection, Command Injection, and LDAP injection allow attackers to manipulate backend query syntax when untrusted input is executed directly.